Himalayan 450 Bike Price, Mileage, Colours & specification | royal enfield himalayan 450 2023 in India

                           Himalayan 450

"BUILT FOR ALL ROADS OR BUILT FOR NO ROADS" Yes here we're talking about the brand new completely Royal Enfield Himalayan 450. After launching the Himalayan 450 there are many doubts coming in the mind about the features, engine, designs, riding quality and all. So I try it in my minds and gonna tell everting about this brand new Himalayan 450.

First let's talk about the Engine. In Himalayan 450 we get 425CC single cylinder Liquid cooled engine with 6 speed gearbox with 40 NM of Torque at 5500 RPM and 40.02 PS power at 8000 RPM. So you can enjoy your ride without any problems just get ready and go for the ride. Royal Enfield Himalayan 450 is expected to launch in India in November 2023 in the expected price range of ₹ 2,60,000 to ₹ 2,70,000.

ENGINE

Type : Liquid Cooled, Single Cylinder, DOHC, 4 Valves

Bore X Stroke(IN MM)  :     84 MM * 81.5 MM

Displacement         : 452 CC

Compression Ratio     : 11:5:1

Maximum Power : 40.02 PS (29.44 KW) @8000 RPM

Maximum Torque : 40 NM @5500 RPM

Idle RPM : 1300

Starting System : Electric Start

Lubrication : Semi-=Dry SUMP

Engine Oil Grade       : 10W40 API SN, JASO MA2, Semi Synthetic

Clutch : Wet Multiplate, Slip & Assist

Gearbox : 6 Speed

Fuel Injection       : Electronic Fuel Injection,

42MM Throttle Body, Ride By Wire System

Now talk about the Vehicle Dynamic, As we all know why Himalayan know for it's Dynamics it's make you ride more adventure with versatile 21" front and 17" rear wheel combination to the large enduro Footpegs and wide handlebars.

CHASSIS & SUSPENSION

Type : Steel, Twin Spar Tubular frame

Front Suspension        : Upside Down Fork, 43MM

Front Wheel Travel     : 200MM

Rear Suspension : Linkage Type Mono-Shock

Rear Wheel Travel     : 200MM

DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS

WheelBase         : 1510MM

Ground Clearance     : 230MM

Length         : 2245MM

Width         : 852MM

Height         : 1316MM

Seat Height         : 825MM (Standard Seat Adjustable to 845MM)

         805MM (Low Seat Adjustable to 825MM)

Dry Weight         : 181KG

Kerb Weight(90%Fuel+Oil) :       196KG

Payload With Standard Equipment: 198KG

Fuel Capacity       : 17 Liters

BRAKES & TYRES

Tyres Front : 90/90-21"

Typres Rear : 140/80 R 17"

Brakes Front : Hydraulic Disk Brake, 320MM Disc, Double Piston Caliper

Breakes Rear: Hydraulic Disk Brake, 270MM Disc, Single Piston Caliper

ABS : Dual Channel ABS, Switchable

ELECTRICALS

Electrical System  : 12V

Battery : 12V, 8AH

Head Lamp : Led HeadLamp

Tail Lamp : Turn Signal Lamp Integrated Turn & Tail Lamp, All LED

Other Equipment: Ride Modes, USB Type C Charging Point

Cluster : "4 INCH Round TFT Display With Phone Connectivity, 

Full Mao Navigation (Google Maps), Media Controls

AMD Vs INTEL : Who makes better processors? | Which is better? |

 

The battle between AMD and Intel is never ended but here we are discussing about which is suitable for you according the price, performance, power efficient etc. As we know both are making outstanding CPU's but in some case AMD is better then Intel and in some cases Intel is better then AMD.

Let's talk about the price:- Without any doubt we all know the AMD CPU's are budget friendly as compare to Intel processors it's offer you more core and threats in very low prices. You can clearly see the price difference between both companies. Intel is more expensive then AMD maybe most people prefer Intel over AMD.

Performance:- The performance of any processor is depend on this architecture, core count, frequency, turbo boosting and multithreading single and multi core performance etc.

As we know very well Intel give more frequency as compare to AMD but to continue with this battel AMD find the solution to beat the Intel Frequency. AMD give you more cores and threads to cover it's less frequency power and the turbo boosting are approx. same in both chips Intel frequency is always higher then AMD but in low price AMD offer you more core which is unbillable because it's make your hardware more powerful and both the chips run 10 NM architecture and AMD is going to launch it's 8-7 NM chips soon. and both the chips offer you overclocking feature to boost up your processor frequency but again Intel always offer better frequency then AMD. If we are talking about single and multi core performance so, Intel is better in single core performance and AMD is better multi core performance. but the most powerful weapon of AMD is his graphics with his vega8 graphic AMD far better then Intel HD graphic it's give you more graphic frequency and memory and performance all over if we are talking about graphic performance the AMD beat Intel in all the sides. So if you want a compact machine go with Intel but If you also want to do some graphical work on it like editing and games so go with AMD and budget matter also. And AMD is offer you latest PCI 4 slot.

Power consumption:- In this battle AMD is more power efficient then AMD. Because of less core and threads the Intel make more power efficient chips and it's also produce less heat. If you are a AMD lover so it's a bad point for you because in case of power consumption and heat producing AMD is not performing well. So If you want to make a power efficient and less heating issue so without doubt go with Intel.

Both the companies making good chips but it's the matter of choice some people go with AMD because it's budget friendly and offer more core and threads with strong graphic. They feel okay with less frequency and they don't have any issue with power and heat. And some people go with Intel because it's offer more frequency and better boost technology and consume less power and minimum heating issue and ofcourse  they don't have budget issue so in case of graphic they can add external graphic card or they don't need strong graphic. 

In terms of laptop mostly laptop comes with Intel so it's sound good if you are a Intel lover but it's bad for AMD fans because here we see few options.       

What are Web Analytics and why do they matter? || Analytics tools

 If you're new to the we analytics game, the term may sound a bit intimidating at first, but even non-tech savvy users will find that concept is fairly straightforward. Just

put, web analytics involves measuring, collection, analyzing, and reporting we site traffic and behavior with the end goad of optimizing the success of your site.

Weather you're looking to boost e-commerce sales, generate more leads, or enhance brand awareness, analytics data can be used to learn a wealth of information about your business and you customers. This type of information includes how customers find your site and what they do when they get there. Not only that, but analytics can help you figure out how much time they spend on your site and can give you clues that point to why they leave. When you it all together, taking a close look at your web analytics can help your attract more visitors to your site- and turn more of those visitors into paying customers.

Picking your Analytics tools

With so many different web analytics applications now available, evaluating all of your options may seem like a daunting task. However, knowing how various analytics programs work can help you narrow the field and pick the right ones for you.

All analytics tools work by collecting raw data about your visitors and organizing it in a easier way to view and understand. Some programs, called log analyzers, use server logs (datafiles collected by web servers) to provide information about visitors. Then there are other programs, called analytics applications, which use bits of code installed on web site to collect information about activity and generate reports. Generally, log analyzers are considered more technical and the raw information they provide may be difficult to understand, especially for people who are unfamiliar with web metrics. In this case, it's probably a good idea to wand with an analytics program.

HP 245 G7 laptop || Best budget laptop under 45000 INR

 HP 245 G7 AMD Ryzen 5 - 3500U 14 inch Laptop (8GB RAM/1 TB HDD/256SSD/Dos/Radeon Vega 8 Graphic) laptop has 14 inch display for your daily needs. This laptop is powered by AMD Ryzen 5 3500U processor, coupled with 8 GB of DDR4 RAM and has 5400 rpm storage at this price point. It has a 2 cell LI-Ion battery and weight 1.5 KG.

Processor:- AMD Ryzen 3500U 2.1Ghz boost with 3.7Ghz it's offer 4 cores and 8 threats.

RAM:- 8GB DDR4 which offer 2400Mhz frequency.

HDD:- 1TB 5400rpm for storage.

SSD:- 256GB NVMe which give quick response. 

Screen Size:- 14 inch 

2 USB 3.1, 1USB 2.0, 1 RJ-45, 1 HDMI, 1 headphone jack and Card reader.

In-built Battery and Speaker is really good.

It's offer best value for money the Quard core multithreading give high performance best suitable for business purpose and programing and you can play some games on it. 

Gift ideas to make Diwali wishes special || Diwali wishes || Diwali gift ideas

 Diwali holidays are just around the corner and the festive feeling has started making its presence felt. Every household is busy with their list of things they will need for Diwali. The shopping sales in malls and street stores are in full swing. Diwali wishes have started arriving and its time that you also started planning for the decorations, sweets and other elements of the Diwali holidays.

Diwali gift ideas are a great way convey your Diwali wishes with a real personal touch. Here is how you can add your own twist to the traditional gift ideas for Diwali;

Sweet packs: Sweets say "Happy Diwali" in the same way flowers say "I love you". The gift boxes available in the market are traditional. Whilst they convey to the receiver that you have put 'some' thought into the gift it may not say as much as you'd hoped. If you're looking to be more personal and if you have some time during the Diwali holidays, then take the time to make your gift special. Mix the sweets in a box and arrange them in an interesting pattern such as flowers or in the shape of lanterns.

You can also arrange the sweets on flower cutouts and pack them with colourful transparent paper. Then decorate with bows and laces. Sweet packs make for great corporate gifts as well.

Clothes and Jewellery: New clothes and jewellery are considered auspicious on Diwali. Keep in mind the receivers preferences in terms of their style, colour and cut.

Gold and silver are the popular metal choices for gifting jewellery at Diwali. Gold bars, sliver notes etc. can also be gifted if you do not want to be too specific.

You can convey Diwali wishes to your entire staff or co-workers with tastefully decorated sweet packs and other gift items.

Many stores, both online and local, offer a huge number of corporate Diwali gift ideas, which you can order quite easily. You can also order personalised coffee mugs and photo frames for office gifting purposes.

The Hidden Threats and Risks of Internet of Things

 Technology is one of those inventions by scientists and engineers  that develop every hour. Just a few decades back, computers required air conditioning and were kept in special environment to function inerrably. Now days, the machines and devices are developed keeping the stiff conditions in mind; they are durable and can withstand extreme conditions such as dust, temperature, and even water. Even further, a lot of research is going on to develop a cyborg with all possible efficiencies.

Internet of Things as know as IOT, has revolutionized the way communication happens between humans and machines.  The invention of Machine Learning (ML) has induced Artificial Intelligence know as (AI) in devices making them think like humans. The next generation IOT devices & machines would have headpiece, compassion, and even decision-making capacity; a future cyborg is just knocking the doors and is about to enter the human world.

With advancement come threats and risks, and IOT is riskier. Each machine or device with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) capacity would develop its own brain, which, in turn, will help them taking decisions on their own. A lot of Hollywood movies have been centered on machines' evil intelligence and their quest to conquer the entire human race. And, this is not fiction!

IOT - A Digital Thriller

Internet of Things - A Digital Thriller is one such novel that reveals the threats and risks Internet of Things can bring. The machines and devices are automat and learn from activities that happen around them. They further develop the next-generation Artificial Intelligence and Artificial Empathy to gain confidence. While old machines are under human control, the Super Artificial Intelligence better know as (SAI) would allow them to overwrite human commands. Ultimately, devices with such huge power would start making a deadly conspiracy that is hard to sense or trace.

The protagonist is a software engineer in New York who is heading the project  OmniSmart where all the machines and devices are filled with great artificial intelligence (AI) and empathy. Due to certain incidents, the members of IOT start behaving exotic, and ultimately, they turn revolt.

Such a story gives a lesson to all of holding horses back and thinking before making machines powerful and almighty. Though until the date we have invented weaker artificial intelligence(AI), if devices have their auto-learning capacity to transform themselves into super artificial intelligence, it would be arduous for humans to command them. The novel's story gives deep insight of technological advancement seek by humans by conciliate on humanity.

Computer Cabinet with SMPS under Rs. 2300 | Budget gaming cabinet with power supply | Circle gaming cabinet with PSU under Rs. 2300

                    Circle Royale with SMPS

Description

FEATURES

Excellent secure design Sturdy structure and buckle lock for safety 100% hemmed refined work Fan to dissipate heat efficiently. Ans it's come with 80 mm rear fan and you can fit 120 mm single fan in front and one in side panel for goof airflow. It's come with 3 years manufacturing warranty which makes it's very cost efficient.

 

The power HUB included with 12 cm Fan for better cooling and it can supports the voltage range from 200 volt to 280 volt. It's cutting edge digital world. It controls OCP, OVP, UVP, SCP, and moreover it comes with the life time support.

SPECIFICATION

• Form Factor: MICRO ATX
• Compatible Motherboard: MICRO ATX
• Material: CLASS A SECC STEEL
• Power HUB: INCLUDED
• Thickness: 0.5 mm
• 80 mm Fan Included: 1
• Expansion Slots: 7
• External 5.25 inch Drive Bays: 1
• Internal 3.50" DRIVE BAYS: 2
• Internal SSD: 1
• Front Audio Ports: 2 HD AUDIO
• Front USB Ports 2.0: 2
• Air ventilation: 120 mm fan in front and 120 mm in side panel.
• Power Output: 400W
• SLI Certification: Yes
• CrossFire Certification: Yes
• Model Name: CPH695
• Power Factor Correction (PFC): Yes
• Fan Type: 1 x 120 mm 
• Warranty: 3 Years manufacturing warranty  

Cabinet Size

• Height: 350 mm
• Width: 170 mm
• Depth: 350 mm

BUY FROM HERE:

CIRCLE ROYAL CABINET WITH SMPS: https://www.circlect.com/product/royale/

        

 

 

How can we play Pubg smoothly | pubg problem solved in India | Play pubg without lacking

This blog I made for those. Who want to play Pubg without lacking because most of you said I have 3GB RAM in my mobile or most of you them have more but pubg is lacking we can't play it in smoothly. And it's feel very irritated I know guys because I'm also a pubg player and I love to played it.
So, guys firstly I want to clear some steps you should follow them and be insure, you don't have that kinds of problem in you phone.

• You should have at least 2 or more GB RAM in your mobile.
• Now, every mobile company offers a game mode or ultra game mode. You should be insure you playing your game only there for better performance.
• Don't switch your mobile on battery saver. It's drag you performance and increase you batter life.
• Check you mobile memory, there should be free space for smooth running.
• Clean you RAM before start pubg by clear previous app.

After follow all these steps you face problem with server so you need a better Internet connection. Always play in that area where the internet connection is stronger. Because you mobile are capable to run it smoothly but your Internet connection is too weak. So get a better Internet connection and enjoy your game in you way.
Hope it's this blog is helpful for you. If you have any queries so please comment me.

Ocean warming up at 40% faster speed than UN estimates, Analysis of latest study by Science journal

OCEAN ARE WARMING EVEN FASTER THAN PREVIOUSLY THOUGHT

• Heat trapped by greenhouse gases is raising ocean temperature fastest than previously thought, concludes an analysis of four recent ocean heating observations.
• "If you want to see where global warming is happening, look in our oceans,"
• "Ocean heating is a very important indicator of climate change, and we have robust evidence that it is warming more rapidly than we thought."
• Ocean heating is critical marker of climate change because an estimated 93 percent of the excess solar energy trapped by greenhouse gases accumulates in the world's oceans.
• And, unlike surface temperature, ocean temperatures are not affected by year-to-year variations caused by climate events like EI Nino or volcanic eruptions
• The new analysis, published in Science, shows that trends in ocean heat content match those predicted by leading climate change models, and that overall ocean warming is accelerating.
• Assuming a "business-as-usual" scenario in which no effort has been made to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, -- the temperature of the top 2,000 meters of the world's oceans will rise 0.78 degree Celsius by the end of the century. The thermal expansion caused by this bump in temperature would raise sea levels 30 cm, or around 12 inches, on top of the already significant sea level rise caused by melting glaciers and ice sheets. Warming oceans also contribute to stronger storms, hurricanes and extreme precipitation.

Biography of Albert Einstein Part - 2

SCIENTIFIC PAPERS

• On 30 April 1905, Einstein completed his thesis, with Alfred Kleiner, Professor of Experimental Physics as a result, Einstein was awarded a PhD by the University of Zurich with his dissertation "A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions".
• In that same year, which has been called Einstein's miracle year, he published four ground breaking papers, on the photoelectric effect Brownain motion, special relativity, and the equivalence of mass and energy, which to bring him to the notice of the academic world, at the age of 26.
• By 1908, he was recognized as a leading scientist and was appointed lecturer at the University of Bern. Einstein became a full professor at the German Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague in April 1911, accepting Austrian citizenship in the Austo-Hungarian Empire to do so.

CAREER

• On 2 July 1913, he was voted for membership in the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin. Max Planck and Walther Nernst visited him the next week in Zurich to persuade him to join the academy, additionally offering him the post at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics.
• He was officially elected to the academy on 24 July, and he accepted to move to the German Empire the next year. His decision to move to Berlin was also influenced by the prospect of living near his cousin Elsa.
• He joined the academy and thus the Berlin University on 1 April 1914. As World War I broke out that year, the plan for Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics was aborted. The institute was established on 1 October 1917, with Einstein as its director. In 1916, Einstein was elected president of the German Physical Society (1916-1918).
• Based on calculations Einstein made in 1911, about his new theory of general relativity, light from another star should be bent by the Sun's gravity. In 1919, that prediction was confirmed by Sir Arthur Eddington during the solar eclipse of 29 May 1919.
• Those observations were published in the international media, making Einstein world famous. On 7 November 1919, the leading British newspaper The Times printed a banner headline that read: "Revolution in Science - New Theory of the Universe -  Newtonian Ideas Ovethrown".
• In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect".

USA

• In December 1930, Einstein visited America for the second time, originally intended as a two-month working visit as a research fellow at the California Institute of Technology.
• After the national attention he received during his first trip to the US, he and his arrangers aimed to protect his privacy. Although swamped with telegram and invitations to recieve awards or speak publicly, he declined them all.
• After arriving in New York City, Einstein was taken to various places. February 1933 while on a visit to the United States, Einstein knew he could not return to Germany with the rise to power of the Nazis under Germany's new chancellor, Adolf Hitler
• Upon landing in Antwerp on 28 March, he immediately went to the German consulate and surrendered his passport, formally renouncing his German citizenship.

REFUGEE

• In April 1933, Einstein discovered that the new German goernment had passed laws barring Jews from holding any official positions, including teaching at universities.
• A month later Einstein's works were among those targeted by the German Student Union in the Nazi book burning, with Nazi propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels proclaiming, "Jewish intellectualism is dead".
• Einstein was now without a permanent home, unsure where he would live and work, and equally worried about the fate of countless other scientists still in Germany.
• In October 1933 Einstein returned to the US and took up a position at the Institute for Advanced Study. In 1935 he arrived at the decision to remain permanently in the United States and apply for citizenship.

WORLD WAR 2

• In 1939 a group of Hungarian scientists that included physicist attempted to alert Washington to ongoing Nazi atomic bomb research.
• Hitler would be more than Willing to resort to such weapon. In July 1939, a few months before the beginning of World War 2 in Europe, Szilard and Wigner visited Einstein to explain the possibility of atomic bombs, which Einstein a pacifist, said he had ever considered.
• He was asked to lend his support by writing a letter, with szilard, to President Roosevelt, recommending the US pay attention and engage in its own nuclear weapons research.
• The letter is believed to be "arguably the key stimulus for the u.s. adoption of serious investigation into nuclear weapons. For Einstein, "was was disease and he called for resistance to war."

DEATH

• On 17 April 1955, Einstein experienced internal bleeding caused by the rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, Einstein refused surgery, saying "I want to go when I want It is tasteless to prolong life artificially. I have done my share; it is time to go. I will do it elegantly.
  " 
• He died in Princeton Hospital early the next morning at the age of 76, having continued to work until near the end.
• During the autopsy, the pathologist of Princeton Hospital, Thomas Stoltz Harvey, removed Einstein's brain fro preservation without the permission of his family, in the hope that the neuroscience of the future would be able to discover what made Einstein so intelligent.

SCIENTIFIC CAREER

• Throughout his life Einstein published hundreds of books and articles. He published more than 30 scientific papers and 150 non-scientific ones. Einstein's intellectual achievements and originality have made the word "Einstein"synonymous with "genius."
• In his paper on mass-energy equivalence, Einstien produced E=mc2 form his special relativity equations.
• Einstein received numerous awards and honors and in 1922 he was awarded the  1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to Theoretical Physics and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect".
• None of the nominations in 1921 met the criteria set by Alfred Nobel, so the 1921 proze was carried forward and awarded to Einstein in 1922 

Click here>> Biography of Albert Einstein part - 1

Mysteries of Mona Lisa | All you need to know about hidden secrets in the famous painting

MYSTERIES OF THE PAINTING OF MONA LISA

MONA LISA

• The Mona Lisa or La Gioconda is a half-length portrait painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci that has been described as "the best know the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world".
• The Mona Lisa is also one of the most valuable painting in the world. It holds the Guinness World Record for the highest know insurance valuation in history at $100 million in 1962, which is worth nearly $820 million in 2018.
• The painting is thought to be a portrait of Lisa Gherardini, the wife of Francesco del Giocondo, and is in oil on white Lombardy poplar panel.
• It had been believed to have been painted between 1503 and 1506; however, Leonardo may have continued working on it as late as 1517.
• Recent academic work suggests that it would not have been started before 1513. It was acquired by King Francis I of France and is now the property of the French Republic, on Permanent display at the Louvre Museum in Paris since 1797.

THE MONA LISA AND ITS INFLUENCE

These signs of aging distract little from the painting's effect. In its exquisite synthesis of sitter and landscape, the Mona Lisa set the standard for all future portraits. The painting presents a woman in half-body portrait, which has a a backdrop a distant landscape. Yet this simple description of a seemingly standard composition given little sense of Leonardo's achievement. The sensuous curves of the sitter's hair and clothing, created through fumigator (use of fine shading), are echoed on the shapes of the valleys and rivers behind her. The sense of overall harmony achieved in the painting-especially apparent in the sitter's faint smile-reflects Leonardo's idea of the cosmic link connecting humanity and nature, making this painting an enduring record of Leonardo's vision.

 

SOME FACTS

• SMILE
• EYEBROWS
• ILLNESS
• HE OR SHE?
• LANDSCAPE
• LETTERS

What is GAFA Tax? France introduces Digital Tax on Tech Giants

WHAT IS NEWS?

• French finance minister Bruno Le Marine announced the introduction of a GAFA tax - named after Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon - on large technology and internet companies in France from 1 January 2019.
• What distinguishes technology companies from traditional business is user participation in creating value, which, in turn, translate into revenue.
• Although using consumer data to improve business in not exclusive to the digital economy, the unique ability of digital business lies in their power to analyse big data collected via constant user interaction and data mining.

WHY NEEDED?

• The rationale behind devising a separate framework to tax online service providers in this:
• Existing tax norms that are framed envisaging brick and mortar business models are not suitable to regulate online services.
• This is because the digital economy is characterized by a unique system of value creation resulting from a combination of factors such as sales functions, algorithms and personal information of users.

WHY GAFA?

• The low tax rates paid by US tech giants in Europe has repeatedly caused anger among voters in many Europe countries but the 28- member bloc is divided on how to tackle the issue.
• Ireland, which hosts the Europe headquarters of several US tech giants, leads a small group of otherwise mostly Nordic countries that argue a new tax could lead to reprisals against Europe companies and stoke anger in the US.
• Any tax changes must be approved unanimously by member states.
• France's move to introduce the tax on January 1 could be driven by domestic budget concerns, with the finance ministry looking for new sources of revenues and saving.
• Under pressure from "yellow vest" protesters, President Emmanuel Macron announced series of measure last week for low-income families which has left a multi-billion-euro hole in the 2019 budged.
• Some other EU member states such as Britain, Spain and Italy are also working on national versions of a digital tax, with Singapore and India also planning their own schemes.
• The yellow vest movement is a populist, grassroots political movement for economic justice.
• The movement is motivated by rising fuel prices, high cost of living, and claims that a disproportionate burden of the government's tax reforms were falling on the working and middle classes.

INDIAN PERSPECTIVE

• The need for India to consider the adoption of an accurate methodology to assess value created in India through user contributions so that digital service providers in India can be taxed more effectively.

PRESENT SCENARIO

• The Finance Act. 2016 accommodated a 6% equalization levy (EL) in lieu of specified digital services provided to resident in India. However, EL can only be imposed on advertising services.
• The Finance Act, 2018, the Income Tax Act amended to expand the meaning of business connection to "significant economic presence", which includes digital services.
• It defines any entity that have significant economic presence in India if it provides data or software in India exceeding a payment a payment threshold (yet to be notified) or engages in systematic and continuous solicitation of business activities to a prescribed number of users digitally.

ISSUES IN GENERAL

• OECD has been unable to devise a definite method of assessing the values that users generate in a source country. 
• Due to this anomaly, the GAFA tax and other proposals floated in the EU, UK and France impose an approximate digital tax of 3% on the revenue generated by entities that operate in the digital economy above a certain threshold.
• This resulted mostly from the slow ongoing process of quantifying user contribution and political pressure to resist further delay of taxing these entites.
• The lack of consensus is exacerbated due to difference in the interests of developed (residence) countries and developing (source) countries.
• For example, countries like France have suggested imposing such an interim tax only on high profit big-tech business like Google and Amazon, making net valuation the metric for determining threshold  
• It creates greater friction between the government of the source country and where the entry is established and there by undermine the efficacy of double taxation agreements.
• It is imperative, therefore that policy makers deliberate upon the possibility and feasibility of adopting a methodology to assess value creating objectively to tax digital players more effectively in the source country.

   

JAVA Vs PYTHON | Difference between Java & Python | which is better for you |

                

                              JAVA                              

General Purpose Solving Programming Language. Follows - write once, run everywhere                                 

TYPING

JAVA, uses static typing where a user is forced to choose a variable type which cannot be changed later in the programming language.                                     

SPEED

JAVA can be used for desktop programs and web applications. JAVA is faster than Python  

PRODUCTIVITY

Less productivity than Python, as each variable has to be defined. Thus, it is time consuming.   

           

PYTHON

High level programming language. Focus on code readability and shorter syntax.

TYPING 

Python uses dynamic typing allowing users to change the variable type. Thus making it easier to learn.

SPEED

 It is not as fast as JAVA. 

PRODUCTIVITY

Writes code is fewer lines, allowing  developers to be more productive.

What is Project Dragon Fly? Dragonfly Chinese (Search Engine) | Google release new search engine in China | Google search for china

WHY IN NEWS?

Google is experiencing a "moral and ethical" crisis.

That's the view of hundreds of employees at the tech company, who are protesting the development of a censored search engine for interest user in China.

DRAGON FLY (SEARCH ENGINE)

Dragonfly is an Internet search engine app being prototype by Google that is designed to be compatible with China's state censorship provision.

Unlike a previous search engine designed by Google for use in China, Dragonfly would not notify users that results or search terms have been censored.

NOTES:-

Google executives have stated that Project Dragonfly is "exploratory", "in early stage" and the Google was 1'not close to launching a search product in China".

In a mid-October 2018 presentation, Google CEO Sundar Pichai discussed Dragonfly, stating,  "We don't know whether we could or would do this in China but we felt it was important for us to explore."

RISKS AND REWARDS OF DRAGONFLY

Since March 2010, when Google stopped servicing China via Google.cn, China's internet user population has increased by 70%. It currently clocks in at 772 million users, but could grow to 1.4 billion users with time.

This means that, for Google, who makes most of its revenue from advertisments run on its search engines, the potential profits of re-entering the Chinese search engine market are enormous.

HOW MUCH CAN GOOGLE EARN IN CHINA?

The India unit of Google posted 30% increase in revenues in fiscal 2018, more than doubling its business over the past three years.

Google India posted a turnover of Rs. 9337.7 crore during year to March compared to Rs 7208.9 crore, while profit jumped 33% to Rs 407.2 crore.

So their revenue in China can be around 3-4 Billion Dollars.

RISE OF THE DOMESTIC CHINESE SEARCH ENGINES

Baidu is considered as Google's counterpart in China.

Sogou is a search that was established in 2004. Even though it has not posed as a rival for Baidu, it is still considered as a leader in the market.

PROJECT DRAGONFLY

The response of Google employees to the company's Dragonfly project for China gives us a glimpse of what might happen if workers had a more formal role in corporate decision making.

In their letter to executives, Google employees make four specific demands.

PROJECT DRAGONFLY

The response of Google employees to the company's Dragonfly project for China gives us a glimpse of what might happen if workers had a more formal role in corporate decision making.

In their letter to executives, Google employees make four specific demands.

China Sprouts First seed on the Moon | Sprouts on moon? | China moon farming project

CHINA'S MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENT

China Change'e 4 Mission

First time any biological matter has grow on the Moon, and is being seen as a significant step towards long-term space exploration.

Plants have been grow on the International Space Station before but never on the Moon.

The ability to grow plants on the Moon will be integral for long-term space missions, like a trip to Mars which would take about two-and-a-half years.

WHY CAN'T WE GROW PLANTS ON MOON?

Vacuum of space, massive doses of radiation irradiating the surface, no bacteria or available nutrients in the soil. So it is not possible  to grow plants on the lunar soil.

The radiation dosage for a year on the moon is between 110 mSv(millisievert) and 380 mSv. On Earth, tht dosage is 2.4 mSv, or higher, depending on where you are exactly.

SOME IDEAS FOR FUTURE LUNAR PLANTATION

CHINA SUCCESSFULLY SPROUTS FIRST SEED ON THE MOON

When its chang'e 4 spacecraft touched down on the lunar surface it was carrying an airtight container, worth an estimated $1.8 million, designed for growing crops in shocking conditions.

AIRTIGHT CONTAINER

The 18 cm-high aluminium alloy cylinder - called a moon surface micro-ecological circle - also contains silkworm eggs, fruit flies and seeds for potatoes, cress and rapeseed, among others.

China's National Space Administration released a picture of the sprouting cotton seeds.

SPROUTING COTTON SEEDS ON MOON

First human history: A cotton brought to the moon by China's Chang'e 4 probe has sprouted, the latest test photo has show, marking the completion of human kind's first biological experiment on the moon

NOTES:-

Professor Liu Hanlong of Chongqing University, who led the research, said that rapeseed and potato seeds had also germinated, but that the cotton seeds were the first to sprout, the South China Morning Post reported.

While plants like zinnias and leaf vegetables have been grow in space on the International Space Station, none had ever been grow on the moon.

WILL THE MOON BE CONTAMINATED

They also have to control the humidity and nutrients. Some have raised the question of weather the experiment risks "contaminating" the Moon with biological material, but scientists generally think this is of little concern.

And it's worth reiterating that there are already containers of human waste on the Moon left behind by the Apollo astronauts.

Biography of Albert Einstein part - 1 | story of Albert Einstein | Albert Einstein full story from beginning to end.

CHILDHOOD

• Albert Einstein was born in ULm, in the kingdom of Wiireetmberg in the German Empire, on 14 March 1879.
• His parents were Hermann Einstein, a salesman and engineer, and Pauline koch. In 1880, the family moved to Munich, where Einstein's father and his uncle Jakob founded Elektretechnische Fabrik J. Einstein & Cie, a company that manufactured electrical equipment on  direct current.
• Albert attended a Catholic elementary school in Munich, from the age of 5, for three years. At the age of 8, he was transferred to the Luitpold Gymnasium where he received advanced primary and secondary school education until he left the German Empire seven years later.

CHILD GENIUS

• In 1894, Hermann and Jakob's company faced loss which the sale of the Munich factory. In search of business, the Einstein family moved to Italy, first to Milan and few months later to Pavia.
• When the family moved to Pavia, Einstein, then 15, stayed in Munich to finish his studies at the Luitpold Gymnasium. His father intended for him to pursue electrical engineering, but Einstein clashed with authorities and resented the school's regimen and teaching method.
• At the end of December 1894, he traveled to Italy to join his family in Pavia, convincing the school to let him go by using a doctor's note.
• Einstein always excelled at math and physics from a young age, reaching a mathematical level years ahead of his peers. The twelve year old Einstein taught himself algebra and Euclidean geometry over a single summer.
• Einstein also Independently discovered his own original proof of the Pythagorean theorem at age 12
• His passion for geometry and algebra led the water twelve year old to become convinced that nature could be understood as a "Mathematical structure".
• Einstein started teaching himself calculus at 12, and as a 14 year old he says he had "mastered integral and differential calculus". At age 13, Kant became his favorite philosopher.
• In 1895, at the age of 16, Einstein took the entrance examination for the Swiss Federal Polytechnic in Zurich. He failed to reach the required standard in the general part of the examination, but obtained exceptional grades in physics and mathematics.
• On the advice of the principal of the Polytechnic, he attended the Argovian cntonal school in Aarau, Switzerland, in 1895 and 1896 to complete his secondary schooling.
• While lodging with family of professor Jost Winterler, he fell in love with Winteler's daughter, Marie.

BEGINNING

• Albert's sister Maja later married Winteler's son Paul. In January 1896, with his father's approval, In September 1896, he passed the Swiss Matura with mostly good grade, including a top grade of 6 in physics and mathematical subjects.
• At 17, he enrolled in the four-year mathematical and physics teaching diploma program at the Zirich Polytechinc.
• EINSTEIN'S FUTURE WIFE, A 20 YEAR OLD SERBIAL WOMAN MILEVA MARIC, also enrolled at the Polytechnic that year. She was the only woman among the six students in the mathematical and physics section of the teaching diploma course.
• Over the next few years, Einstein and Maric's friendship developed into romance, and they read books together on extra-curricular physics in which Einstein was taking an increasing interest. In 1900, Einstein passed the exams in Math and Physics and was awarded the Federal Polytechnic teaching diploma.

MILEVA MARIC

• Maric returned to Switzerland without the child, whose real name and fate are unknown. The contents of Einstein's letter in September 1903 suggest that the girl was either given up for adoption or died of scarlet fever in infancy.
• Einstein and Maric married in January 1903. In may 1904, their son Hans Albert Einstein was born in Bern, Switzerland. Their son Eduard was born in Zurich in July 1910
• The couple moved to Berlin in April 1914, but Maric returned to Zurich with their sons after learning that Einstein's chief romantic attraction was the first and second cousin Elsa.
• They divorced on 14 Feburary 1919, having lived apart for five years.
• Eduard had a breakdown at about age 20 and was diagnosed with schizophernia. His mother cared for him and he was also committed to asylums for several periods, finally being committed permanently after her death.
• In letters revealed in 2015, Einstein wrote to his early love Marie Winteler about his marriage and his strong feeling for her.
• Einstein married Elsa Lowenthal in 1919, after having a relationship with her since 1912. She was a first cousin maternally and a second cousin patently. They emigrated to the United States in 1933, She died in December 1936.

STRUGGLE YEARS

• After graduating in 1900, Einstein spent almost two frustrating years searching for a teaching post. He acquired Swiss citizenship in February 1901, but was not conscripted for medical reasons.
• Finally secured a job in Bern at the Federal Office for Intellectual Property, the patent office, as a clerk.  
• In 1903, his position at the Swiss Patent Office became permanent, with a few friends he had met in Bern, Einstein started a small discussion group in 1902, self-mockingly named "The Olympia Academy", which met regularly to discuss science and philosophy.

Click here>> Biography of Albert Einstein Part - 2

Ozone layer depletion caused by Chloroform, Can Montreal Protocol save Earth? Impact of VSL's on ozone layer

CHLOROFORM IS DESTROYING OZONE LAYER

• The United Nations announced some much needed, positive news about the environment: The ozone layer, which shields the Earth from the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation, and which was severely depleted by decades of human-derived, ozone-destroying chemicals, is on the road to recovery. 
• The dramatic turn around is a direct result of regulations set by the 1987 Montreal Protocol, a global treaty under which nearly every country in the world, including the United States, successfully acted to ban the production of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's), the main agents of ozone depletion.
• As a result of this sustained international efforts, the United Nations projects that the ozone layer is likely to completely heal by around the middle of the century
• But a new MIT study, published in Nature Geo-science, identifies another treats to the ozone layer's recovery: chloroform-a colorless, sweet-smelling compound that is primarily used in the manufacturing of product such as Teflon and various refrigerants.
• The research found that between 2010 and 2015, emissions and concentrations of chloroform in the global atmosphere have increased significantly.
• They were able to trace the source of these emissions to East Asia, where it appears that production of products from chloroform is on the rise. If chloroform emissions continue to increase, the research predict that the recovery of the ozone layer could be delayed by four to eight years.
• Chloroform is among a class of compounds called "very short-lived substances" (VSLS), for their relatively brief stay in the atmosphere (about five months for chloroform).
• If the chemical were to linger, it would be more likely to get lofted into the stratosphere, where it would, like CFC's, decompose into ozone-destroying chlorine. But because it is generally assumed that chloroform and other VSLS's are unlikely to do any real damage to ozone, the Montreal Protocol does not stipulate regulating the compounds.
• Last year, research from the United Kingdom reported on the potential threat to the ozone layer from another very short-lived substance, dichloromethane, which like chloroform , is used as feed stocks to produce other industrial chemicals. Those research estimated how both ozone and chlorine levels in the stratosphere would change with increasing levels of dichloromethane in the atmosphere.
•  The fact that rise in chloroform stems from East Asia adds further urgency to the situation.
• This region is especially susceptible to monsoons, typhoons, and other extreme storms that could give chloroform and other short-lived species a boost into the stratosphere, where they would eventually decompose into the chlorine that eats away at ozone.
• "There's an unfortunate coherence between where chloroform is being emitted and where there are frequent storms that puncture the top of the troposphere and go into the stratosphere,"
• "Now is the time to do it, when it's sort of the beginning of this trend," "Otherwise, you will get more and more of these factories built, which is what happened with CFC's, where more and more end uses were found beyond refrigerants. For chloroform, people will surely find additional uses for it."

How to use Google for Hacking | Google is a Hacking Tool | Google Dorks?

How to use Google like a pro using Google Dorking

We know how Iranian Hackers were able to glean information from Google about the dams in US cities in order to infiltrate and flood the cities. The hackers used a method know as Google Dorking which has been used ever since Google was launched.

It is well know that the Internet is a reservoir of vast information but it is out there in split format. Google Dorking enables user to stitch their queries together in a long query and get hitherto unknown information from Google. Through this article we take the proficiency of Google as a hacking tool.

If you have a PC/laptop, it is guaranteed that you have used While we perform relatively simple search queries, what most of don't realize that Google can be used for far better advanced search. In fact, if used properly, Google can reveal sensitive information that can be used to perform a successful attack. This can be accomplished by using the advanced operator features of Google. The basic syntax for using advanced operator in Google is as follows.

Operator_name:keyword

The syntax show above is Google advanced operator followed by a colon, which is again followed by the keyboard without any space in the string. Using such a query in Google is called Dorking and the string are called Google Dorks a.k.a Google hacks. Dorks come in two forms vis-a-vis Simple dorks and complex dorks. 

The above syntax uses a single command so it is called as simple dork whereas using multiple advanced operators put together in a single search string is called as advanced dork. Each keyboard/advanced operator has a special meaning to the Google engine. It helps you filter out the unwanted results and narrows your search by a great margin when these dorks are used. Let's take few example of simple dorks.

Simple Google Dorks:

Allintext    |    Search for occurrences of all the keyboards given

Intext         |    Search of the occurrences of keyboards all at once or one at a time

A single query can be used to get a particular result. But many single queries can be put into one bigger query and using higher degree of filtration we can get almost any information from a particular website.

The same can be analogous to other advanced operators. So what we find out using Google?

• Admin login pages
• Username and passwords
• Vulnerable entities
• sensitive documents
• Gov/military data
• E-mail lists
• Bank account details and lots more

This is an example of example query. Next, let's see some juicy stuff, which comes in handy hue to the efficiency of Google crawlers.

Dork:

inurl:group_concat(username, filetype:php intex:admin)

In the above screenshot, we were able to tap in to some of the SQL injection results done by somebody else on the sites.

By now, I'm sure; you would have got an idea as to how dangerous a tool Google can be. The usernames and passwords got from here can be used to strengthen our dictionary attacks by adding these used passwords to the list we already have. This can also be used in user profiling which seems to be in demand in the underground market. The above queries where just simple dorks which gave out sensitive information. Another dork can be used to glean emails ids from Google.